An overview of “SkyTrain technology”
- Reality Check
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- February 1, 2012
SkyTrain’s Expo and Millennium Lines operate using Bombardier’s INNOVIA Advanced Rapid Transit (ART) technology—a Canadian‑developed system purpose‑built for fully automated, driverless rapid transit. Since its inception, ART has been designed to deliver high reliability, exceptional service frequency, and long‑term operating efficiency.
A Purpose‑Built Automated System
INNOVIA ART integrates several complementary technologies, most notably Linear Induction Motor (LIM) propulsion and third‑rail power delivery. Together, these systems enable lighter vehicles, more compact guideways, and lower construction costs—particularly in elevated and tunnelled environments. LIM technology distributes the motor’s rotor along the guideway, reducing vehicle weight and allowing for slimmer tunnel profiles. Third‑rail power further supports compact infrastructure and cost‑effective construction.
The result is a rapid transit system that is both flexible and efficient, capable of delivering high levels of service with significantly lower operating and maintenance costs. Although ART is marketed as a medium‑capacity system, its design allows it to scale to high‑capacity performance when required.
Why Continue Building with ART?
SkyTrain for Surrey supports continued expansion of the ART network not out of brand loyalty, but because building upon an existing, proven system is the most cost‑effective and operationally efficient choice. Expanding a technology already in use allows new lines to share maintenance facilities, operating practices, and spare parts—reducing capital costs and improving long‑term reliability.
This is why the Evergreen Line was designed to integrate seamlessly with the existing Expo and Millennium Lines. By using ART, the region avoided the need for a separate operations and maintenance centre and ensured consistent service quality across the network.
The Canada Line, built under a different procurement model, uses conventional rail vehicles supplied by Hyundai Rotem. Because its contract required a standalone operations centre regardless of technology, Bombardier’s ability to offer resource sharing was not a factor. The Canada Line’s design priorities—such as wider vehicles and shorter platforms—aligned better with conventional rail technology for that specific project.
Flexibility and Performance Advantages of ART
Capacity Potential
With longer platforms and five‑car ART 300 series trains, the SkyTrain system could theoretically exceed 44,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd)—a capacity higher than many heavy metro systems, including even the Toronto Subway’s current theoretical maximum of approximately 37,000 pphpd. ART’s scalability allows it to match or surpass modern subway capacities at lower capital and operating cost.
High-Frequency, Reliable Service
ART’s fully automated control system enables safe, consistent operation of closely spaced trains. Computer‑coordinated movements allow the system to make continuous micro‑adjustments that human operators cannot replicate. ART lines can operate trains as frequently as every 75 seconds, maintaining reliable on‑time performance even at high frequencies.
Because trains are driverless, increasing frequency does not increase labour costs. Running more frequent, smaller trains improves passenger experience by reducing wait times and smoothing passenger flow—an advantage unique to automated systems.
Efficient Construction and Alignment Options
ART’s lightweight vehicles and LIM propulsion allow for:
- Lower‑cost elevated guideways due to reduced structural requirements
- More compact tunnels, lowering excavation and construction costs
- Flexible alignment options, enabling the system to navigate tight corridors and challenging terrain
While overhead power systems are technically possible with LIM propulsion systems, third‑rail power remains the most cost‑effective and space‑efficient option, especially for our tunnelled segments with low heights like the Dunsmuir tunnel downtown.
Conclusion: A System Ready for the Future
Bombardier’s INNOVIA ART has proven to be a highly adaptable, efficient, and future‑ready technology for Metro Vancouver’s rapid transit network. Its automation, scalability, and infrastructure advantages make it an ideal foundation for continued SkyTrain expansion—delivering reliable service and long‑term value for riders and taxpayers alike.
Pictured in header: Render of next-generation Bombardier Innovia ART 300 train on elevated guideway
Reality Check
Reality Check is the online blog run by the founder of SkyTrain for Surrey, a BC-based community organization that has advocated for the expansion of the Vancouer SkyTrain system, including our successful advocacy for the under-construction Surrey Langley SkyTrain extension.
Media Contact: Daryl Dela Cruz – Founder, SkyTrain for Surrey ・ Phone: +1 604 329 3529, [email protected]
